A collection of scientific papers by leading specialists of the All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) contains original theoretical and experimental works from various fields of applied physics: the dynamics of destruction, the kinetics of growth processes, the theory of turbulence, and plasma physics. Despite the apparent diversity of the problems considered in them, they are united by a common approach based on relatively new ideas of fractal geometry, which describes objects with fractional dimensions. The collection is intended for a wide range of researchers, students, and postgraduates.