ISSN 0869-6632 (Print)
ISSN 2542-1905 (Online)

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Dolinina A. Y., Suleymanova E. M., Kornilov M. V., Sysoeva M. V., Sysoev I. V. Nonlinear properties of the brain theta rhythm. Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics, 2025, vol. 33, iss. 6, pp. 873-897. DOI: 10.18500/0869-6632-003188, EDN: CNWBIT

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Language: 
Russian
Heading: 
Nonlinear Dynamics and Neuroscience
Article type: 
Article
UDC: 
530.182
DOI: 
10.18500/0869-6632-003188
EDN: 
CNWBIT

Nonlinear properties of the brain theta rhythm

Autors: 
Dolinina Anastasiya Yuryevna, Saratov State University
Suleymanova Elena Mirzanurovna, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS"
Kornilov Maksim Vyacheslavovich, Saratov State University
Sysoeva Marina Vyacheslavovna, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Sysoev Ilya Vyacheslavovich, Saratov State University
Abstract: 

The purpose of this study is to identify nonlinearity of local brain field potential signals during theta rhythm.

Methods. The nonlinearity in the signal is manifested in the synchronous behavior of the fundamental frequency and its higher harmonics; to detect this, skeletons in different frequency ranges were used, the phase synchronization index was calculated and cross-spectral analysis was performed.

Results. The fundamental frequency and the second harmonic in the spectrum during the theta rhythm were identified from multi-hour recordings in 14 animals. Based on the skeletons constructed from these recordings, frequency synchronization between the
fundamental frequency and the second harmonic in the ratio of 2:1 was diagnosed at intervals of up to 10 s in both symmetrical channels. Phase synchronization was also diagnosed in a number of recordings, but at shorter intervals (about 2–4 s).

Conclusion. The study proved that the spectral component observed at the theta-rhythm in healthy laboratory animals in the signals of local brain field potentials at the range containing twice fundamental frequency of the rhythm is indeed the second harmonic of the fundamental frequency. Thus, the theta rhythm is often a significantly nonlinear signal.
 

Key words: 
time-frequency analysis
skeletons
frequency dynamics
theta rhythm
Acknowledgments: 
This study was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 25-12-00176, https://rscf.ru/en/project/25-12-00176/.
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Received: 
01.06.2025
Accepted: 
08.07.2025
Available online: 
09.07.2025
Published: 
28.11.2025
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